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Introduction
Satellite image data are replacing most applications of aerial photographs in nearly all Pacific Island Countries now. This is due to its lower cost and easier use compared with the classical aerial photograph.
To capture aerial photography a special plane has to be brought to a Pacific island, satellite imagery on the other hand are captured by satellites already in space and can record an area whenever it flies over it. To record imagery for Pacific Island Countries a satellite needs an onboard storage device to upload image data. This data is then downloaded ground antennas/receiving station in Kiruna, Sweden as the satellites passes over it. defined the scene centres for The older satellites such as Landsat, record strictly in nadir (directly below) view which meant that the orbit defined the centre of the satellite scene. Fortunately, modern satellites can now either turn themselves or their sensors sideways allowing for a faster coverage of any target area and also at the same time create a mosaic of image patches with different view angles and atmospheric conditions.
TRIVIA: Satellites have a life expectancy of about 5 years. Unlike aeroplanes satellites orbit at a very high altitude and are thus more stable.
The sensors of the old generation satellites such as Landsat and SPOT recorded in 8bit data range on the other hand modern satellites such as IKONOS and QuickBird ? record in 11bit data range, allowing for a more detailed recording but requires a conversion back to 8bit data for use as GIS backdrops.
The price of satellite data always varies thus it is important to get a new quotation for each area. Often companies also have special offers for archived data. The prices listed in this paper include a discount offered by MDA (former RadarSat ? International) to SOPAC. Customers ordering directly from the company and not through SOPAC will not be entitled for this discount.
ADEOS
MISSION
- The objective of ADEOS-1 was to acquire data on worldwide environmental changes such as the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, tropical rain deforestation, and abnormal climatic conditions.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 14 December 2002 | YES | Polar Orbiting | 803 km, circular | 98.7° | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
SENSORS OF THE ADEOS SATELLITE
- AVNIR: Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared? Radiometer
- OCTS: Ocean Colour Temperature Scanner
- NSCAT: NASA Scatterometer from NASA
- TOMS: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer from NASA
- POLDER: Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances a geosurface reflection measuring device from CNES.
- IMG: Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases a sensor for measuring the greenhouse effect from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
- ILAS: Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer), an improved spectrometer for measuring infrared radiation on the edge of the atmosphere
- RIS: Retroreflector In-Space?, a retroreflector for measuring laser long light-path absorption between the earth and satellites.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
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ADEOS 2
MISSION
- The ADEOS-II is expected to acquire the date necessary to understand the circulation of water and energy, and the circulation of carbon in order to contribute to study the global environment changes including seizing the mechanism of global environmental changes.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 14 December 2002 | YES | Polar Orbiting | 803 km, circular | 98.7° | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
SENSORS OF THE ADEOS 2 SATELLITE
- AMSR: Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared? Radiometer
- GLI: Ocean Colour Temperature Scanner
- POLDER: Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances a geosurface reflection measuring device from CNES.
- ILAS: Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer), an improved spectrometer for measuring infrared radiation on the edge of the atmosphere
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
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ALOS
MISSION
- The mapping of land areas (without the need for ground control points) for cartographic applications.
- The monitoring of disasters on a global scale (as a complement to the capabilities of other spacecraft).
- Resource surveying
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Storage Space | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 19th January, 2006 | YES | Sun-Synchronous Sub-Recurrent | 90Gbytes | 691.65km | 98.16 deg | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
AVNIR-2:
| Blue | 420 nm – 500 nm | 10 m
| | Green | 520 nm – 600 nm | 10 m
| | Red | 610 nm – 690 nm | 10 m
| | Near IR | 760 nm – 890 nm | 10 m |
PRISM
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Cartosat-1
MISSION
- Satellite intended for cartographic applications.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Ground Coverage | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 5th May 2005 | YES | Polar Sun-Synchronous? | 30km | 618km | 97.90 degrees | Indian Space Research Organisation |
SENSORS
- Satellite has two state-of-the-art Panchromatic (PAN) cameras that take black and white stereoscopic pictures of the earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| PAN CAMERA | Black and White | 500 nm – 850 nm | 2.5 m |
COST OF IMAGE DATA
$US 1,800 per scene of 27.5 km by 27.5 km. It is possible to order by area of interest, which will cost $US 2.75 per square km
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Cartosat-2
MISSION
- For detailed mapping and other cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure development and management, as well as applications in Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Ground Coverage | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 10th January, 2007 | YES | Polar Sun-Synchronous? | 30km | 630km | 97.90 degrees | Indian Space Research Organisation |
SENSORS
- Satellite has two state-of-the-art Panchromatic (PAN) cameras that take black and white stereoscopic pictures of the earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| PAN CAMERA | Black and White | 500 nm – 850 nm | 2.5 m |
COST OF IMAGE DATA
- $US 1,800 per scene of 27.5 km by 27.5 km. It is possible to order by area of interest, which will cost $US 2.75 per square km
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COSMO-SkyMed
MISSION
- The COSMO-SkyMed system is a constellation of four satellites using high-resolution radar to observe the Earth day or night, regardless of weather conditions, for dual (civil and military) use.
- Its purpose is to monitor the globe for the sake of emergency prevention (management of environmental risks), strategy (defence and national security), and scientific and commercial purposes
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Ground Coverage | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Storage Space | Operator
| | 27th October, 2008 | YES | Polar Sun-Synchronous? | 30km | 619km | 90° | 300 Gbit | Italian Space Agency |
SENSORS
- Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors with global coverage of the planet
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GeoEye-1
MISSION
- Satellite provides highly accurate, extremely detailed Earth imagery for broad area coverage and updating geospatial foundational layers and mapping databases.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Ground Coverage | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Storage Space | Operator
| | 6th September, 2008 | YES | Polar Sun-Synchronous? | 15.2km swaths | 684km | 98° | 1TeraBite | GeoEye |
SENSORS
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GOCE
MISSION
- The GOCE (Gravity Field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) mission is dedicated to measuring the Earth's gravity field and modelling the geoid with unprecedented accuracy and spatial resolution.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 17th March,2009 | YES | near-Sun-synchronous polar orbit | 96.7º | Italian Space Agency |
SENSORS
- Electrostatic Gravity Gradiometer (EGG) to measure the gravity field of Earth.
- GPS receiver to be used as a Satellite-to-Satellite? Tracking Instrument (SSTI) to supplement the gradiometer measurements
- Laser Retroreflector to allow its precise orbit to be tracked by a global network of ground stations through the Satellite Laser Ranging Service. This provides accurate positioning for orbit determination and data products.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| PAN CAMERA | Black and White | 500 nm – 850 nm | 2.5 m |
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RapidEye
MISSION
- RapidEye is a constellation of five Identical Satellites whereby each satellite contains identical sensors and is equally calibrated and travel on the same orbital plane. Therefore, an image from one satellite will be equivalent to an image from any of the other four, allowing for a large amount of imagery to be collected. The constellation is designed to provide customised information products and services.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 17th March,2009 | YES | near-Sun-synchronous polar orbit | 96.7º | Italian Space Agency |
SENSORS
- Multi-spectral pushbroom style imager.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| PAN CAMERA | Black and White | 500 nm – 850 nm | 2.5 m |
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QuickBird-1
MISSION
- Satellite provides environmental data useful for analyses of changes in land usage, agricultural and forest climates.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Orbit Inclination | Flying Height | Storage Space | Operator
| | 17th March,2009 | YES | near-Sun-synchronous polar orbit | 98º | 450km | 128 Gb | DigitalGlobe |
SENSORS
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Panchromatic | Black &White: | 450 nm - 900 nm | 61 cm
| | Multispectral | Blue | 450 nm- 520 nm | 2.44 m
| | Green | 520 nm -600 nm | 2.44 m
| | Red | 630 nm -690 nm | 2.44 m
| | Near-IR | 760 nm - 900 nm | 2.44 m |
Ground Coverage
- Nominal swath width: 16.5-kilometers at nadir
- Accessible ground swath: 544 km centered on the satellite ground track
- Areas of interest:
- Single Area - 16.5 km x 16.5 km
- Strip - 16.5 km x 165 km
COST OF IMAGE DATA
- Pan-sharpened data 11bit ~ $US 20 per square km for new collection and ~ $US 15 per square km for archive data. The minimum area for which a customer can order image data is 64 square km
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IKONOS-2
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Orbit Inclination | Flying Height | Storage Space | Operator | Price List
| | 24.09.99 YES | near-Sun-synchronous polar orbit | 98.1º | 681km | 64 GB | GeoEye | Multi-spectral image data were ordered for ~ $US 13.50 per square km for new collection. The minimum area for data purchase is 100 square km |
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
- Nadir:0.82 meters panchromatic 3.2 meters multispectral.
- 1.26° Off-Nadir? 1.0 meter panchromatic 4.0 meters multispectral
Ground Coverage===__
- 11.3 km at nadir0 13.8 km at 26° off-nadir
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EROS-B
MISSION
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Ground Coverage | Operator
| | 25.04.06 | YES | 500km | 7km | ImageSat International |
SENSORS
- CCD - Charge Coupled Device
- TDI - Time Delay Integration
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
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ENVISAT
MISSION
- The Envisat data supports Earth science research and allows monitoring of the evolution of environmental and climatic changes. Furthermore, the data facilitates the development of operational and commercial applications
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Ground Coverage | Orbit Inclination | Flying Height | Storage Space | Operator
| | 01 March 2002 | YES | Sun-synchronous | swath width of 1,150 km | 98.55º | 450km | 30 Gb | European Space Agency |
SENSORS
Envisat carries an array of nine Earth-observation instruments that gather information about the earth (land, water, ice, and atmosphere) using a variety of measurement principles.
- ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) operating in C band can detect changes in surface heights with sub-millimeter precision.
- MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) measures the reflectance of the Earth (surface and atmosphere) in the solar spectral range (390 to 1040 nm) and transmits 15 spectral bands back to the ground segment.
- AATSR (Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer) can measure the temperature of the sea surface
- RA-2 (Radar Altimeter 2) is a dual-frequency Nadir pointing Radar operating in the Ku band and S bands, it is used to define ocean topography, map/monitor sea ice and measure land heights.
- MWR (Microwave Radiometer) for measuring water vapour in the atmosphere and estimate the tropospheric delay for the Altimeter
- DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) for orbit determination to within 10 cm or less
- GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) looks to stars as they descend through the Earth's atmosphere and change color, which also tells a lot about the presence of gases such as O3 (ozone), and allows for the first time a space-based measurement of the vertical distribution of these trace gases.
- MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is a spectrometer
- SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) compares light coming from the sun to light reflected by the Earth, which provides information on the atmosphere through which the earth-reflected light has passed.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| MERIS-EV1-01 | 407.5 nm-417.5 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-02 | 437.5 nm-447.5 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-03 | 485 nm-495 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-04 | 505 nm-515 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-05 | 555 nm-565 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-06 | 615 nm-625 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-07 | 660 nm-670 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-08 | 677.5 nm-685 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-09 | 703.75 nm-713.75 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-10 | 750 nm-757.5 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-11 | 758.75 nm-762.5 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-12 | 771.25 nm-786.25 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-13 | 855 nm-875 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-14 | 880 nm-890 nm | 300 m
| | MERIS-EV1-15 | 895 nm-905 nm | 300 m |
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Formsat-2
MISSION
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Orbit Inclination | Flying Height | Storage Space | Operator
| | 20.05.04 | YES | Polar Sun Synchronous | 99.14° | 891km | 41 Gb | National Space Organisation |
SENSORS
- RSI: Remote Sensing Equipment
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Panchromatic | Black/White | 450 nm – 900 nm | 2 m (near vertical observation)
| | Multi-Spectral | blue | 450 nm – 520 nm | 8 m
| | green | 520 nm – 600 nm | 8 m
| | red | 630 nm – 690 nm | 8 m
| | near infrared | 760 nm – 900 nm | 8 m |
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IRS-1C
MISSION
- Crop acreage and yield estimation, forest resources survey, urban mapping, flood mapping, wasteland mapping and drought monitoring and assessment.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Operator | Price List
| | December 28, 1995 | No | polar sun synchronous | 817km | Department of Space, Govt of India. | Panchromatic $US 900 for 23km x 23km Panchromatic $US 2,500 for 70km x 70km LISS-III $US 1,900 for 70km x 70 km |
SENSORS
- Panchromatic Camera
- Linear Imaging Self Scanner-3 (LISS)
- Wide Field Sensor (WIFS)
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
PAN Camera
| Black and White | 500 nm - 750 nm | 5.8 m |
LISS
| Green | 520 nm - 590 nm | 23.5 m
| | Red | 620 nm - 680 nm | 23.5 m
| | NIR | 770 nm - 860 nm | 23.5 m
| | SWIR | 1550 nm - 1700 nm | 23.5 m |
WIFS
| Red | 620 nm - 680nm | 188
| | NIR | 770 nm - 860 nm | 188 m |
Ground Coverage
| LISS-III | 141 km (visible and near IR region) | 148 km (shortwave IR region)
| | WiFS Camera | 770 km | -- |
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IRS-1D
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Operator
| | 29th September, 1997 | No | polar sun synchronous | 817km | Department of Space, Govt of India |
SENSORS
- Panchromatic Camera
- Linear Imaging Self Scanner-3 (LISS)
- Wide Field Sensor (WIFS)
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
LISS III
| Green | 520 nm - 590 nm | 23.7 m
| | Red | 620 nm - 680 nm | 23.7 m
| | NIR | 770 nm - 860 nm | 23.7 m
| | SWIR | 1550 nm - 1700 nm | 23.7 m |
WIFS
| Red | 620 nm - 680nm | 188
| | NIR | 770 nm - 860 nm | 188 m |
PAN Camera
| Black and White | 500 nm - 750 nm | 5.8 m |
Ground Coverage
| LISS-III | 127 km (bands 2, 3, 4) | 134 km (band 5 -MIR)
| | WiFS Camera | 692 km | -- |
| | PAN CAMERA | 65 -80 km | -- |
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KOMPSat-1
MISSION
- Main mission is to provide cartography to provide the images from a remote earth view for the production of 1/25000-scale maps of Korean territory.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Storage Space | Operator
| | 27th October, 2008 | YES | Sun-Synchronous | 685km | 2.5 Gbit | Korea Aerospace Research Institute |
SENSORS
- Electro-Optical Camera (EOC),
- Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager (OSMI),
- Space Physics Sensor (SPS) and SPS consists of High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) and
- Ionosphere Measurement Sensor (IMS)
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
- Visible spectral band of 510 nm ~ 730 nm
- OSMI is a multi-spectral imager generating 6 colour ocean images. OSMI is designed to provide on-orbit spectral band selectability in the spectral range from 400nm to 900nm for flexible ocean observation. The colour images are collected through 6 primary spectral bands centered at 412, 443, 490, 555, 765, 865nm or 6 spectral bands selected in the spectral range via ground commands after launch.
GROUND COVERAGE
- EOC has a swath width of 17 km at Nadir.
- OSMI has an 800 km swath width and less than 1km GSD by whisk-broom scanning method
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KOMPSat-2
MISSION
- For the production of maps and digital elevation models, applications for which include land use planning and disaster and risk management.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Ground Coverage | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 27th October, 2008 | YES | Sun-Synchronous | 685km | approx. 15 km | 98° | Korea Aerospace Research Institute |
SENSORS===__
- Multi Spectral Camera (MSC)
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Multispectral | blue | 450 nm-520 nm | 4 m
| | green | 520 nm-600 nm | 4 m
| | rouge | 630 nm-690 nm | 4 m
| | near infrared | 760 nm-900 nm | 4 m
| | Panchromatic | black and white | 500 nm-900 nm | 1 m |
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Landsat-4
MISSION
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | 16.07.82 | NO | Polar, Sun-Synchronous? | 705km | 98.3° | NASA, NOAA |
SENSORS
- Thematic mapper (TM)
- Multispectral scanner (MSS)
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
- The Landsat TM sensor is able to gather seven bands of data as opposed to the four bands of data collected from the MSS (Multispectral Scanner.) In addition to having three more bands of data to work with, scientists are able to view the TM data at a much higher resolution than with MSS. Bands 1-5 and 7 each have a spectral resolution of 30m while the MSS is only offered in 79m and 82m resolutions. Band 6 (which is a Thermal infrared band) has a maximum spatial resolution of 120m.
GROUND COVERAGE
- TM provided 7 bands of coverage and the MSS had 4 bands. MSS covers 0.5 to 12.6 µm with 80 m resolution and a 185 km swath width.
- TM covers 0.45 to 12.5 µm with resolution of 30 m in the VIS/IR bands and 120 m in the thermal/IR bands.
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Landsat-5
MISSION
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Ground Coverage | Operator
| | 01.03.84 | NO | Polar, Sun-Synchronous? | 705km | 98.2° | 185 km wide x 170 km long | NASA, NOAA |
SENSORS
- Thematic mapper (TM)
- Multispectral scanner (MSS)
PECTRAL COVERAGE
| Multispectral | Blue | 450 nm-520 nm | 30 m
| | Green | 520 nm-600 nm | 30 m
| | Red | 630 nm-690 nm | 30 m
| | Near IR | 760 nm-900 nm | 30 m
| | SWIR | 1550 nm-17500 nm | 30 m
| | Thermal | 10400 nm-12400 nm | 120 m
| | SWIR | 2080 nm-2350 nm | 30 m |
GROUND COVERAGE
- TM provided 7 bands of coverage and the MSS had 4 bands. MSS covers 0.5 to 12.6 µm with 80 m resolution and a 185 km swath width.
- TM covers 0.45 to 12.5 µm with resolution of 30 m in the VIS/IR bands and 120 m in the thermal/IR bands.
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Landsat-7
MISSION
- To obtain continuous high-resolution imagery of the earth's surface for environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, land use and regional planning, cartography, range management, oil and mineral exploration.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Ground Coverage | Storage Space | Operator | Cost of Image
| | 4 May 2002 | YES | Polar, Sun-Synchronous? | 705km | approx. 15 km | 98.2° | 185 km | NASA, NOAA | Free |
SENSORS
- Two high resolution geometrical (HRG) instruments.
- A HRS imaging instrument which operates in panchromatic mode.
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Panchromatic | Black &White: | 520 nm-900 nm | 30 m
| | Multispectral | Green | 500 nm-590 nm | 10 m
| | Red | 610 nm-680 nm | 10 m
| | Near Infrared | 780 nm-890 nm | 10 m
| | Short Wave infrared | 1580 nm-1750 nm | 20 m |
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SPOT 5
MISSION
- The SPOT 5 satellite was designed to ensure SPOT data user’s continuity of service, with greater capacity, enhanced image quality and improved services.
SATELLITE SPECIFICAITONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Ground Coverage | Storage Space | Operator | Cost of Image
| | 4 May 2002 | YES | Polar, Sun-Synchronous? | 705km | approx. 15 km | 98.2° | 185 km | NASA, NOAA | Free |
SENSORS
- Two high resolution geometrical (HRG) instruments
- A HRS imaging instrument which operates in panchromatic mode
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Panchromatic | Black &White: | 520 nm-900 nm | 30 m
| | Multispectral | Green | 500 nm-590 nm | 10 m
| | Red | 610 nm-680 nm | 10 m
| | Near Infrared | 780 nm-890 nm | 10 m
| | Short Wave infrared | 1580 nm-1750 nm | 20 m |
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SPOT-4
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Operator
| | March 24, 1998 | YES | Polar, Sun-Synchronous | 822km | 98° | 822 km | Astrium and Spot Image |
SENSORS
- High-resolution visible and infrared (HRVIR) instrument
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Panchromatic | Black and White | 610 nm-680 nm | 10 m
| | Multispectral | Green | 500 nm-590 nm | 20 m
| | Red | 610 nm-680 nm | 20 m
| | NIR | 780 nm-890 nm | 20 m
| | SWIR | 1580 nm-1750 nm | 20 m |
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SPOT 2
MISSION
- The SPOT 5 satellite was designed to ensure SPOT data user’s continuity of service, with greater capacity, enhanced image quality and improved services.
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Ground Coverage_ | Operator
| | 22 January, 2002 | YES | Polar, Sun-Synchronous? | 822km | 98° | 900 km | Astrium and Spot Image |
SENSORS
- HRV (High Resolution Visible) imaging instruments
SPECTRAL COVERAGE
| Panchromatic | Black and White | 500 nm-730 nm | 10 m
| | Multispectral | Green | 500 nm-590 nm | 20 m
| | Red | 610 nm-680 nm | 20 m
| | NIR | 780 nm-890 nm | 20 m |
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TERRA
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Orbit Period | Equator Crossing | Ground track repeat cycle | Builder
| | YES | Sun-Synchronous | 705km | 98.3° from equator | 98.88 minutes | 10.30 a.m. (north to south) | 16 days, i.e. every 16 days (or 233 orbits) the pattern of orbits repeats itself | Lockheed Martin |
Launch Date: December 18, 1999
| | Mode | VNIR | SWIR | TIR
| | Spectral bands (mkm):: | 1: 0.52-0.60
2:0.63-0.69
3N:0.76-0.86
3B:0.76-0.86 | 4: 1.600-1.700
5: 2.145-2.185
6: 2.185-2.225
7: 2.235-2.285
8: 2.295-2.365
9: 2.360-2.430 | 10: 8.125-8.475
11: 8.475-8.825
12: 8.925-9.275
13: 10.25-10.95
14: 10.95-11.65
| | Spatial resolution | 15m | 30m | 90m
| | Data Transmission rate: | 15m | 30m | 90m
| | Swatch Width: | 60km | 60km | 60km
| | Radiometric resolution: | 8 bits per pixel | 8 bits per pixel | 12 bits per pixel
| | File Format: | Geotiff
| | Processing | Radiometric, sensor and geometric correction
Mapped to a cartographic projection
| | Revisit time | 16days
| | Stereo imagery: | Available from a single pass
| | Order implementation: | 7-14 days for archive data*
| | Minimum order area: | 60 x 60 km (1 scene) for archive data |
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TerraSAR-X
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
| Launch Date | Operating | Orbit | Flying Height | Orbit Inclination | Storage Space_ | Operator
| | 15.06.07 | YES | Polar, Sun-Synchronous? | 514km | 97.4° | 256 Gbit | German Space Operations Centre |
Ground Coverage
Spotlight: up to 1m resolution, 10 km (width) x 5 km (length)
StripMap: up to 3m resolution, 30 km (width) x 50 km (length)
ScanSAR: up to 18 m resolution, 100 km (width) x 150 km (length)
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WorldView-1
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
Features | Specifications
| Highest resolution available commercially
1. 50 cm panchromatic at nadir
2. 55 cm out to 20° off-nadir | Provides highly detailed imagery for precise map creation, change detection and in-depth image analysis (note that imagery must be re-sampled to 50-cm for non-US Government customers)
| Industry-leading geolocation accuracy
1. Ultra-stable platform, high-precision
attitude sensors and GPS | Allows the creation of accurate maps in remote areas, maximizing the utility of whatever resources are available:
1. Geolocation Accuracy specification of 12.2m CE90, with predicted performance in the range of 3.0 to 7.6 meters (10 to 25 feet) CE90,excluding terrain and off-nadir effects
2. With registration to GCPs in image: 2.0 meters (6.6 feet) CE90
| Highest capacity over the broadest range of collection types
1. 17.6 km width imaging swath (wider than any competitor)
2. Bi-directional scanning
3. Rapid retargeting using Control Moment Gyros (>2x faster than any competitor)
4. 2199 gigabits on-board storage
5. 800 Mbps X-band data downlink | Collects, stores and downlinks a greater supply of frequently updated global imagery products than competitive systems
1. DigitalGlobe? ImageLibrary? filled with unrivaled speed
2. Broadest range of collection sizes, without sacrificing capacity from small points to long strips and large areas
3. Stereoscopic areas on a single pass, ensuring image continuity and consistency of quality
| | Direct downlink to customer sites available using same high-speed 800 Mbps X-band downlink | Expedites image processing and delivery to customers where speed is a driving factor
| World-class telescope
1. High contrast (MTF) and signal to noise ratio
2. Selectable Time Delay Integration (TDI) levels
3. 11-bit dynamic range | Extends the range of suitable imaging collection targets and enhances image interpretability, because images can be acquired at even the lowest light levels
| Frequent revisits at high resolution
1. 1.7 days at 1 m GSD or less
2. 5.4 days at 20° off-nadir or less (51 cm GSD) | Frequent revisits increase image collection opportunities, enhance change detection applications and enable accurate map updates |
Design
| Launch Information | Date:18th September, 2007
Launch Vehicle:Delta 7920 (9 strap-ons)
Launch Site:Vandenberg Air Force Base
| | Orbit | Altitude:496 kilometers
Type: Sun synchronous, 10:30 am descending node
Period: 94.6 minutes
| | Mission Life | 7.25 years, including all consumables and degradables (e.g. propellant)
| | Spacecraft Size, Mass & Power | 3.6 meters (12 feet) tall x 2.5 meters (8 feet) across,
7.1 meters (23 feet) across the deployed solar arrays
2500 kilograms (5500 pounds)
3.2 kW solar array, 100 Ahr battery
| | Sensor Bands | Panchromatic
| | Sensor Resolution (GSD = Ground Sample Distance) | 0.50 meters GSD at nadir
0.55 meters GSD at 20° off-nadir
(note that imagery must be re-sampled to 0.5 meters for non-US Government customers)
| | Dynamic Range | 11-bits per pixel
| | Time Delay Integration (TDI) | 6 selectable levels from 8 to 64
| | Swath Width | 17.6 kilometers at nadir
| | Attitude Determination and Control | 3-axis stabilized
Actuators: Control Moment Gyros (CMGs)
Sensors: Star trackers, solid state IRU, GPS
| | Pointing Accuracy & Knowledge | Accuracy: <500 meters at image start and stop
Knowledge: Supports geolocation accuracy below
| | Retargeting Agility | Acceleration: 2.5 deg/s/s
Rate: 4.5 deg/s
Time to slew 300 kilometers: 9 seconds
| | Onboard Storage | 2199 gigabits solid state with EDAC
| | Communications | Image and Ancillary Data: 800 Mbps X-band
Housekeeping: 4, 16 or 32 kbps real-time,524 kbps stored, X-band
Command: 2 or 64 kbps S-band
| | Max Viewing Angle / Accessible Ground Swath | Nominally +/-40° off-nadir = 858 km wide swath Higher angles selectively available
| | Per Orbit Collection | 331 gigabits
| | Max Contiguous Area Collected in a Single Pass | 60 x 110 km mono
30 x 110 km stereo
| | Revisit Frequency | 1.7 days at 1 meter GSD or less
5.9 days at 20° off-nadir or less (0.51 meter GSD)
| | Geolocation Accuracy (CE 90) | 1.Specification of 12.2m CE90, with predicted performance in the range of 3.0 to 7.6 meters (10 to 25 feet) CE90, excluding terrain and off-nadir effects
2. With registration to GCPs in image : 2.0 meters (6.6 feet) |
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WorldView-2
SATELLITE SPECIFICATIONS
Features | Benefits
| Highest resolution available commercially
1.46 cm panchromatic at nadir
2.52 cm out to 20° off-nadir | Provides highly detailed imagery for precise map creation, change detection and in-depth image analysis (note that imagery must be re-sampled to 50-cm for non-US Government customers)
| The most spectral diversity commercially available
1.184 cm resolution at nadir
2.4 standard colors: red, blue, green,near-IR
3. 4 additional colors: red edge, coastal,yellow, near-IR2 | Provides the ability to perform precise change detection and mapping at unprecedented resolutions in multispectral imagery, and opens door to creation of numerous new products
| High geolocation accuracy
1. Ultra-stable platform, high-precision | Allows the creation of accurate maps in remote areas, maximizing the utility of whatever resources are available:
1.Geolocation Accuracy specification of 6.5m CE90, with predicted performance in the range of 4.6 to 10.7 meters (15 to 35 feet) CE90, excluding terrain and off-nadir effects
2. With registration to GCPs in image: 2.0 meters (6.6 feet) CE90
| High capacity over a broad range of collection types
1. 16.4 km width imaging swath (wider than any competitor, slightly narrower than WV-1)
2.Bi-directional scanning
3.Rapid retargeting using Control Moment Gyros (>2x faster than any competitor)
4.2199 gigabits on-board storage
5.800 Mbps X-band data downlink | Collects, stores and downlinks a greater supply of frequently updated global imagery products than competitive systems
1.DigitalGlobe ImageLibrary? filled with unrivaled speed
2.Broadest range of collection sizes,without sacrificing capacity from small points to long strips and large areas
3. Stereoscopic areas on a single pass, ensuring image continuity and consistency of quality
| | Direct downlink to customer sites available using same high-speed 800 Mbps X-band downlink | Expedites image processing and delivery to customers where speed is a driving factor
| World-class telescope
1. High contrast (MTF) and signal to noise ratio
2. Selectable Time Delay Integration (TDI) levels, both panchromatic and mutlispectral bands
3.11-bit dynamic range | Extends the range of suitable imaging collection targets and enhances image interpretability
| Frequent revisits at high resolution; improved performance over WV-I enabled by higher altitude (770 vs. 450 km)
1. 1.1 days at 1 m GSD or less
2. 3.7 days at 20° off-nadir or less (52 cm GSD) | Frequent revisits increase image collection opportunities, enhance change detection applications and enable accurate map updates |
Design
| Launch Information | Date:October 2009
Launch Vehicle:Delta 7920 (9 strap-ons)
Launch Site:Vandenberg Air Force Base
| | Orbit | Altitude:770 kilometers kilometers
Type: Sun synchronous, 10:30 am descending node
Period: 100 minutes
| | Mission Life | 7.25 years, including all consumables and degradables (e.g. propellant)
| | Spacecraft Size, Mass & Power | 4.3 meters (14 feet) tall x 2.5 meters (8 feet) across,
7.1 meters (23 feet) across the deployed solar arrays
2800 kilograms (6200 pounds)
3.2 kW solar array, 100 Ahr battery
| | Sensor Bands | Panchromatic + 8 Multispectral: 4 standard? colors:red, blue, green, near-IR 4 new colors: red edge, coastal, yellow, near-IR2
| | Sensor Resolution (GSD = Ground Sample Distance) | Panchromatic: 0.46 meters GSD at nadir
0.52 meters GSD at 20° off-nadir
Multispectral: 1.84 meters GSD at nadir
2.08 meters GSD at 20° off-nadir (note that imagery must be re-sampled to 0.5 meters for non-US Government customers)
| | Dynamic Range | 11-bits per pixel
| | Swath Width | 16.4 kilometers at nadir
| | Attitude Determination and Control | 3-axis stabilized
Actuators: Control Moment Gyros (CMGs)
Sensors: Star trackers, solid state IRU, GPS
| | Pointing Accuracy & Knowledge | Accuracy: <500 meters at image start and stop
Knowledge: Supports geolocation accuracy below
| | Retargeting Agility | Acceleration: 1.5 deg/s/s
Rate: 3.5 deg/s
Time to slew 300 kilometers: 9 seconds
| | Onboard Storage | 2199 gigabits solid state with EDAC
| | Communications | Image and Ancillary Data: 800 Mbps X-band
Housekeeping: 4, 16 or 32 kbps real-time,524 kbps stored, X-band
Command: 2 or 64 kbps S-band
| | Max Viewing Angle / Accessible Ground Swath | Nominally +/-45° off-nadir = 1355 km wide swath Higher angles selectively available
| | Per Orbit Collection | 524 gigabits
| | Max Contiguous Area Collected in a Single Pass | 96 x 110 km mono
48 x 110 km stereo
| | Revisit Frequency | 1.1 days at 1 meter GSD or less
3.7 days at 20° off-nadir or less (0.52 meter GSD)
| | Geolocation Accuracy (CE 90) | 1.Specification of 6.5m CE90, with predicted performance in the range of 4.6to 10.7 meters (15 to 35 feet) CE90, excluding terrain and off-nadir effects
2. With registration to GCPs in image : 2.0 meters (6.6 feet) |
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For further information contact: wolf@sopac.org.fj or subscribe to GIS-PACNet@list.sopac.org.fj
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Contributors to this page: vilisi
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joy
,
Wolf
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and
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Page last modified on Thursday 29 of October, 2009 [21:14:36 UTC] by vilisi .
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